Jesus in the Old Testament
Jesus makes numerous appearances throughout the Old Testament, but he does not appear in the same manner or by the same name as he does in the New Testament. Nevertheless, He is present in the Old Testament.
Table of Content
Genesis
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gen. 1-50; 2:4; 5:1 | Name of Book; "Genealogy" (Gk. biblos geneseos) in Matt 1:1 (Gen 2:4; 5:1), may reflect the Greek name for the book of Genesis or be translated "genealogy," introducing Jesus' genealogy inMatt 1:2-17 | Matt 1:1, 2-17 |
| 2 | Gen 1:1-2:3 | God created: Christ the Creator | John 1:1-3, 10; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16 |
| 3 | Gen 1:1-2:3 | God created; Christ created new heavens and new earth | Rev 21:1-6 |
| 4 | Gen 1:2-4 | Light came into darkness | John 1:4-5, 9 |
| 5 | Gen 1:6-10 | Water; Christ gives living water | John 4:10 |
| 6 | Gen 1:11-12 | Cycle of life and death; Jesus living, then died, then lived again | John 12:24; 1 Cor 15:35-49 |
| 7 | Gen 1:16 | Creation of sun and moon; Christ's no need of sun and moon in new heavens and new earth | Rev 21:22-24 |
| 8 | Gen 1:20-21 | God brought forth life; Christ brings forth eternal life | John 17:3 |
| 9 | Gen 1:24 | God brought forth life after its kind; Christ brings forth life after his kind | John 12:24; 1 Cor 15:35-49 |
| 10 | Gen 1:26-27 | Let "us" make man in "our" own image | John 1:1-3, 10; Acts 17:26; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16 |
| 11 | Gen 1:28 | Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over; Fulfilled in Christ and his seed | Rom 8:21; 2 Pet 3:12-13; Rev 21:1 |
| 12 | Gen 2:1-3 | God rested; Rest in Christ | Matt 12:28; Heb 3:11; 4:1-13 |
| 13 | Gen 2:6-7 | First man earthly; second man heavenly | 1 Cor 15:45-49 |
| 14 | Gen 2:9 | Tree of life | Rev 2:7; 12:11; 22:2 |
| 15 | Gen 2:10-14 | Four rivers; River of the water of life | John 7:37-38; Rev 22:1 |
| 16 | Gen 2:15 | God put his man in Garden = Tabernacle/church ("trees" [Gen 2:9; cf. 1 Kings 6:29; Ezek 41:18], "tree of life" [Gen 2:9; 3:22; cf. Rev 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19], "river" [Gen 2:10; cf. John 7:38-39; Rev 22:1-2], "east" [Gen 2:8; 3:24; cf. Num. 3:38; Ezek. 43:1-7]). [2]. Christ places his people in his church | 1 Cor 12:12, 27; Heb 2:12; 10:25; 12:23; 1 Pet 2:5, 9 |
| 17 | Gen 2:15-16 | Covenant of works; Christ's covenant of grace | Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6; Heb 8:8, 13; 9:15; 12:24 |
| 18 | Gen 2:18-25 | Gift of the bride to Adam prefigured the gift of the church to Christ [2] | Eph 5:2, 23-32 |
| 19 | Gen 2:20 | First Adam; Second and last man Adam, Christ | 1 Cor 15:45, 47 |
| 20 | Gen 3:1-24 | Paradise Lost in Adam; Paradise Regained in Christ | Rev 22:1-5 |
| 21 | Gen 3:6 | Works: sewed fig leaves together; Grace: Christ alone | Eph 2:2-10; Tit 3:5 |
| 22 | Gen 3:8 | God walked in the Garden = Tabernacle/church ("trees" [Gen 2:9; cf. 1 Kings 6:29; Ezek 41:18], "tree of life" [Gen 2:9; 3:22; cf. Rev 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19], "river" [Gen 2:10; cf. John 7:38-39; Rev 22:1-2], "east" [Gen 2:8; 3:24; cf. Num. 3:38; Ezek. 43:1-7]). [2]. Christ walks in his church; discipline | Matt 18:15-20; Rev 1:10-20; 2:2 |
| 23 | Gen 3:15 | Seed of a woman; Christ is the Redeemer-Seed | Matt 1:18; Gal 4:4-5 |
| 24 | Gen 3:15 | Bruise Satan's head | Heb 2:14; 1 John 3:8; Rev 20:10 |
| 25 | Gen 3:15 | Christ's heel would be bruised with nails on the Cross | Matt 27:35, Luke 24:39-40 |
| 26 | Gen 3:16-19 | Curse applied; Curse removed in Christ | Rom 5:12-21; Gal 3:13 |
| 27 | Gen 3:21 | Grace alone: God clothed Adam and Eve with garments of skin; Redemption by the Lamb | Rom 13:14; Gal 3:27; Eph 4:24; Col 3:10, 12; 1 Pet 1:20-21; Rev 5:12; 13:8 |
| 28 | Gen 4:8 | Abel suffered for righteous; Christ suffered for righteousness | Matt 23:34-35; Heb 12:24 |
| 29 | Gen 4:25 | Seth (meaning, "appointed") was seed of the woman (Gen 3:15) to replace Abel; Christ is appointed Seed-Redeemer | Gal 3:16; 1 Pet 1:19-21 |
| 30 | Gen. 5, 11 | Genealogy begun; Genealogy ended | Matt. 1; Luke 3:23-38 |
| 31 | Gen 5:29 | Noah means "rest;" Christ gives greater rest | Matt 11:25-30 |
| 32 | Gen 6:14 | Wood and Pitch (kopher = ransom); Cross and Redemption | Col 1:20; 2 Cor 5:11-21 |
| 33 | Gen 7:6 | Baptism in Christ [3] | 1 Pet 3:20-21 |
| 34 | Gen 9:6 | Rainbow, everlasting covenant; Christ's promises are guaranteed and his covenant is eternal | 2 Cor 1:20; Heb 13:20; Rev 4:3 |
| 35 | Gen 9:26-27 | God of Shem will be the Son of Shem | Luke 3:23-36 |
| 36 | Gen 9:27 | Japhethites would find salvation through the Semites | Rom. 11 |
| 37 | Gen 12:3 | Seed of Abraham will bless all nations; Christ saves believing Jews and Gentiles | Acts 3:25-26; Gal 3:8; Rev 13:8 |
| 38 | Gen 12:7; 17:15-16 | Promise made to Abraham's seed; Christ is Abraham's seed | Gal 3:16 |
| 39 | Gen 14:18-20 | Priest after the order of Melchizedek | Heb 5:6; 6:20 |
| 40 | Gen 14:18 | King of peace and righteousness | Heb 7:2 |
| 41 | Gen 14:18 | Last Supper foreshadowed | Matt 26:26-29 |
| 42 | Gen 17:7 | Everlasting covenant [4] | Heb 13:20 |
| 43 | Gen 17:19; 21:12 | Seed of Isaac | Rom 9:7 |
| 44 | Gen 22:1-2 | Abraham believed God could raise the dead; Jesus was raised from the dead | 1 Cor 15:1-4; Heb 11:17-19 |
| 45 | Gen 22:2, 16 | Issac, Abraham's only son; Christ, God's only begotten Son | Matt 16:16; 17:5; Mark 1:1; 1 John 4:9 |
| 46 | Gen 22:2, 16 | Issac, a burnt offering = judgment; Christ, judged for the sins of his people | Rom 4:25; 5:8, 10 |
| 47 | Gen 22:3, 9 | Issac went willingly to his sacrifice; Christ went willingly to his sacrifice | Matt 26:53; Luke 22:42 |
| 48 | Gen 22:5 | We will come again; Jesus returned from the dead | 1 Cor 15:1-4 |
| 49 | Gen 22:8 | Lamb of God promised | John 1:29; 1 Cor 5:7; 1 Pet 1:18-20; Rev 5:6, 12; 13:8 |
| 50 | Gen 22:9 | Issac bound upon wood; Christ bound upon a wooden Cross | Acts 5:30; 10:39; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 51 | Gen 22:13 | Substitutionary atonement | Rom 4:25; 2 Cor 5:17, 21; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 52 | Gen 22:14 | Place named: Jehovah will provide; God provided Christ through grace alone | Eph 2:8-10; Tit 3:5 |
| 53 | Gen 22:17-18 | Seed of Isaac promised as blessing | Rom 4:6-9; Gal 3:16; Rev. 19:9; 20:6 |
| 54 | Gen 25:19-24; Rom 9:10-13 | Jacob was chosen as a beloved one before his birth; Christ was chosen before the foundation of the world as well | John 17: 24; 1 Pet 1:18-21 |
| 55 | Gen 26:2-5 | Seed of Issac promised as redeemer | Heb 11:18-19 |
| 56 | Gen 28:12 | Bridge to Heaven | John 1:51 |
| 57 | Gen 28:1-5, 13-15 | Seed of Jacob | Luke 3:34 |
| 58 | Gen 49:10 | Time of his coming | Luke 2:1-7; Gal 4:4 |
| 59 | Gen 49:10 | Seed of Judah | Luke 3:33 |
| 60 | Gen 49:10 | Until he comes to whom the promise was made | Gal 3:19 |
| 61 | Gen 49:10 | Obedience of the peoples | John 10:16; Heb 5:8-9 |
| 62 | Gen 50:19-20 | Joseph, his foreordination; Christ's foreordination | Gal 4:4; 1 Pet 1:18-21 |
Exodus
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exod 1:7 | Israel identity separate from the Egyptians, even though they lived in Egypt; those in Christ have an identity which is separate from the world, even though we live in the world | John 15:19; Acts 13:17; Rom. 12:2 |
| 2 | Exod 1:8-14 | Moses sent as deliverer since Israel was a prisoner of Egypt; Christ sent to deliver his people, who were slaves to sin | Rom 6:17, 20; Heb 2:14-15 |
| 3 | Exod 1:8-14 | Egyptians hated the Jews; World hates believers in Christ | John 17:14 |
| 4 | Exod 1:22 | Attempted assassination of Moses; Attempted assassination of Christ | Matt 2:16 |
| 5 | Heb 11:24-26 | Moses left royalty in Egypt to serve God; Christ left Heaven to serve his people | Gal 4:4; Phil 2:6-8 |
| 6 | Exod 2:11-14 | Moses and Jesus both went to their people, but they didn't receive them | John 1:11 |
| 7 | Exod 2:15 | When rejected Moses and Jesus turned to the Gentiles | Matt 15:22; Mark 5:1; Luke 7:1-10; 1 John 2:2 |
| 8 | Exod 3:7-10 | Moses and Christ chosen deliverers | Luke 4:18-19; 2 Cor 1:10; 1 Thess 1:10; Heb 2:14 |
| 9 | Exod 3:13-15 | Messiah: I AM | John 6:35, 48; 8:12; John 9:5; 8:58; 10:9, 11; John 11:25; 14:6; 15:1 |
| 10 | Exod 3:15-17 | God called the Jews out of Egypt; Christ calls his people out of the world | John 15:19 |
| 11 | Exod 7:3 | Moses performed signs and miracles to show that he was from God; Christ performed signs and miracles to show that he was from God | Matt 8:16-17; Mark 1:29-31; Luke 4:31-36; John 2:1-11; 21:25 |
| 12 | Exod 9:16 | Moses a type of light to Israel and Egypt; Christ is the light of the world | John 8:12 |
| 13 | Exod 10:21-22 | Egypt covered in darkness; Calvary covered in darkness | Matt 27:45 |
| 14 | Exod 11:1; 12:12 | Egypt judged for her sins; world will be judged for theirs | John 12:31; 16:8 |
| 15 | Exod 12:22 | Blood on wooden door post; Blood on Cross | John 20:25-27; 1 John 1:7 |
| 16 | Exod 12:13 | Israel by-passed in final judgment in Egypt; Christ's people by-passed in final judgment to Hell | Matt 25:31-46 |
| 17 | Exod. 19-24 | Moses' covenant looks forward to re-newed covenant in Christ [4] | Heb 8:6; 9:15 |
| 18 | Exod 28:1 | Aaron, High Priest; Christ High Priest | Heb 5:4-5; 9:7, 4 |
| 19 | Exod 4:29-31 | After being rejected, both Moses and Christ both return to their people to be accepted as leaders | Acts 15:14-17; Rom.11:24-26 |
| 20 | Exod 12:3-6 | Lamb presented to Israel 4 days before Passover | Mark 11:1-7 |
| 21 | Exod 12:5 | Lamb without blemish | Heb 9:14; 1 Pet 1:19 |
| 22 | Exod 12:13 | Blood of the Lamb saves from wrath | Rom 5:9 |
| 23 | Exod 12:21-27 | Christ our Passover | 1 Cor 5:7 |
| 24 | Exod 12:46 | No broken bones; Christ the Paschal Lamb | John 19:36; 1 Cor 5:7 |
| 25 | Exod 14:21-22 | Baptism | 1 Cor 10:2 |
| 26 | Exod 15:2 | Exaltation | Acts 7:55-56; Phil 2:8-9 |
| 27 | Exod 15:11-13 | Steadfast love and redemption | Eph 1:3, 4, 6-7 |
| 28 | Exod 16:11-15 | Manna from Heaven; Christ the bread from Heaven | John 6:32-35 |
| 29 | Exod 17:6 | Spiritual rock | 1 Cor 10:4 |
| 30 | Exod 22:9 | First-fruits | 1 Cor 15:20 |
| 31 | Exod 24:8 | Anticipates Christ | Matt 26:27-28; John 1:29; Heb 12:24; 1 Pet 1:2 |
| 32 | Exod 24:12 | Mountain teaching | Matt 5:1 |
| 33 | Exod. 25-30 | Tabernacle; Jesus is the Tabernacle | John 1:14; 2:19, 21; 2 Cor 6:16 |
| 34 | Exod 25:17-22 | Mercy-seat | Rom 3:25; Heb 4:16 |
| 35 | Exod 25:23-30 | The table with bread; Jesus is the bread | Matt 12:1-8; Mark 2:25-27; Luke 6:3-5;.John 6:48; Heb 9:1-2 |
| 36 | Exod 26:31-35 | Veil anticipates Christ | Matt 27:51; Heb 10:19-22 |
| 37 | Exod 27:1-2 | Brazen altar; Christ the altar | Heb 13:10 |
| 38 | Exod 28:1 | Aaron, High Priest; Christ High Priest | Heb 5:4-5; 9:7, 4 |
| 39 | Exod 29:38-41 | Evening and morning sacrifices; Christ gave "the rest" of one sacrifice once and for all, the evening and morning of the seventh day (Gen 2:1-3; cf. Gen 1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31) | Heb 7:27; 9:28; 10:12 |
| 40 | Exod 30:18-20 | Laver of brass washing; Christ's washing of his people | Eph 6:26-27 |
| 41 | Exod 32:31-35 | Moses and Jesus prophets | Acts 3:22-23 |
| 42 | Exod 33:19 | Mercy and compassion | Luke 1:72; Rom 9:15 |
| 43 | Exod 34:29 | Glory of God reflected | Matt 17:2-3 |
| 44 | Exod 40:5, 26-27 | Gold altar | Heb 13:15; Rev 8:3 |
Leviticus
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lev 1:2, 4 | Burnt offering; substitutionary atonement | Rom 4:25; 2 Cor 5:21; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 2 | Lev 1:9 | Fragrant offering and sacrifice to God | Eph 5:2 |
| 3 | Lev 1:10 | Lamb with out blemish | John 1:29; Heb 9:14; 1 Pet 1:19 |
| 4 | Lev 1:14-17 | Turtle dove associated with property; Christ associated with property | Luke 9:58; 2 Cor 8:9 |
| 5 | Lev 4:2-3 | Sin offering | Heb 13:11-12 |
| 6 | Lev 6:1-7 | Trespass offering; Christ is the offering for his people | 1 Cor 5:7 |
| 7 | Lev 7:11-21 | Peace offering; Christ our peace | Rom 5:1; Eph 2:14-16 |
| 8 | Lev 14:11 | Priest cleansing lepers | Luke 5:12-14; Rom 4:25; Heb 4:14-16 |
| 9 | Lev 16:15-16 | Atonement | Heb 9:12, 24 |
| 10 | Lev 16:27 | Suffering outside camp | Matt 27:33; Heb 13:11-12 |
| 11 | Lev 17:11 | Life of the flesh is in the blood | Matt 26:28; Mark 10:45 |
| 12 | Lev 17:11 | Blood atonement | Rom 3:23-24; Heb 9:14; 1 John 1:7 |
| 13 | Lev 23:13, 36-37 | Drink offering | John 7:37 |
Numbers
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Num 9:12 | No broken bones | John 19:36 |
| 2 | Num 9:15-23 | God among his people | John 1:14; Rev. 21:3, 22 |
| 3 | Num 12:7 | Moses faithful; Christ faithful | Heb 3:5-8 |
| 4 | Num 19:2-6 | Red heifer | Heb 9:13-14 |
| 5 | Num. 20:11 | Water from the rock | 1 Cor 10:4 |
| 6 | Num 21:4-9 | Serpent on pole | John 3:14-15; 12:32 |
| 7 | Num 24:15-19 | King David's conquests would defeat Israel's enemies; Messiah defeated his | Col 2:15 |
| 8 | Num 24:17 | I see him, but not now | 1 John 3:2 |
Deuteronomy
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deut 6:6; 30:6 | Religion of the heart; Messiah changed the heart | John 3:1-8; cf. Luke 10:27 |
| 2 | Deut 12:1-28 | One sanctuary; One salvation | John 14:6; Acts 4:12 |
| 3 | Deut. 16:1-17 | Passover | 1 Cor 5:7 |
| 4 | Deut 18:15-22 | Prophet like me from among you | John 6:14 |
| 5 | Deut 18:15 | If you believed Moses, you would believe me | John 5:45-47 |
| 6 | Deut 18:18 | Speaks the Father's will | John 8:28-29 |
| 7 | Deut 18:19 | Those who do not listen to that prophet shall be destroyed | Acts 3:22-23 |
| 8 | Deut 21:23 | Cursed is he that hangs on a tree | Gal 3:13 |
| 9 | Deut. 30:11-14 | Re-Newed Covenant [4] | Heb 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:15, 12:24 |
Joshua
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Josh 1:5-6 | I will never leave you or forsake you | John 14:18 |
| 2 | Josh 1:1-9 | Joshua's conquests; Christ's conquests | Eph. 4:8-9; Col. 2:15; Heb. 2:14-15; Rev. 19:11-21; 21:1-5 |
| 3 | Josh 5:14-15 | Commander/Founder of our salvation | Heb 2:10 |
| 4 | Josh. 14-19 | Israel's inheritance; Messiah's inheritance | Eph 1:13-14; 4:4-13; Rev. 5:10; 22:5 |
| 5 | Josh. 20 | Cities of Refuge; Messiah our refuge | Matt 23:37; Luke 13:34; Heb 6:18 |
Judges
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judges 2:16, 3:9 | Need for deliverer | Rom 3:23-24; 1 Cor 15:57 |
| 2 | Judges 13:2 | Mother was barren | Luke 1:34 |
| 3 | Judges 13:3 | Birth foretold by angel | Luke 1:30-31 |
| 4 | Judges 13:5 | Born to deliver Israel | Matt 1:21 |
| 5 | Judges 13:5-7 | Nazarene | Matt 2:23 |
| 6 | Judges 13:18 | Name: Wonderful | Isa 9:6; Matt 21:15 |
| 7 | Judges 14:1; 16:1 | Samson with Gentiles and harlots; Messiah's bride are Gentiles and sinners | John 4:1-45; Rom 1:16 |
| 8 | Judges 14:5-9 | Conquest: Lion | Mark 1:12-13; Col 2:15; 1 Pet 5:8 |
| 9 | Judges 16:30 | Ultimate loving sacrifice | John 15:13; Col 2:14-15 |
Ruth
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruth 1:1 | Ruth arrived in Bethlehem (meaning, "house of bread") poor; Christ was born in Bethlehem and is the bread of life | Matt 2:1; John 6:35 |
| 2 | Ruth 2:1-5, 9, 16. | Boaz's compassion; Christ's redemptive love | John 3:16; Rom 5:8 |
| 3 | Ruth 3:1, 18 | Redeemer does not rest until he accomplishes the rest for his belovder; Christ did not rest until he won his beloved's redemption | Heb 4:18-19 |
| 4 | Ruth 4:4-10 | Kinsman redeemer; Christ's family | Rom 8:14; Heb 2:11 |
| 5 | Ruth 4:17, 22 | Legitimizes David's kingship; Christ's kingship | Mark 10:47-48; Acts 2:22-36; Rom 1:2-4 |
1 & 2 Samuel
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Sam 3:20; 16:13 | David prophet sanction by Samuel; Messiah by John the Baptist | Matt 14:5; John 1:29-31; 5:31-35 |
| 2 | 1 Sam 2:35 | Faithful priest | Heb 2:17; 3:1-3 |
| 3 | 1 Sam. 16:13 | Anointed king | Matt 26:7; 27:37 |
| 4 | 1 Sam 2:35 | Spirit of God came upon | Mark 1:9-11 |
| 5 | 1 Sam 7:12-13 | Solomon's seed | ; Luke 1:32-33; 1 Pet 2:5 |
| 6 | 1 Sam 17:1-58 | Did mighty works | Matt 11:4-5 |
| 7 | 1 Sam. 17:1-58 | Holy war | Col. 1:20 |
| 8 | 1 Sam. 18:9 | Rejected by jealouskings | Matt 2:16 |
| 9 | 1 Sam. 20:1-42 | Warned to flee for lives | Matt. 2:13-15 |
| 10 | 1 Sam. 23:12 | Rejected by their own people without just cause | John 19:15 |
| 11 | 2 Sam 7:12 | Seed of David | Matt 1:1; Luke 1:31-33; Rom 1:3 |
| 12 | 2 Sam 7:13 | Everlasting kingdom | Luke 1:33; 2 Pet 1:11 |
| 13 | 2 Sam 7:14 | Son of God | Luke 1:32, Rom 1:3-4 |
| 14 | 2 Sam 7:16 | David's house established forever | Luke 1:31-32, 69; Acts 13:34; Rev 3:7; 22:16 |
| 15 | 2 Sam 8:15 | David did was was right; Christ does what is right | Matt 26:39; John 4:34; 5:19; 6:38 |
| 16 | 2 Sam. 21, 24 | Interceded on behalf of God's people | John 17:1-26 |
| 17 | 2 Sam 23:1-8 | Highly exalted by God | Phil 2:9 |
1 & 2 Kings
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Kings 6:1-38 | Solomon builds Temple; Christ's the Temple | John 2:19, 21 |
| 2 | 1 Kings 6:1-38 | Solomon builds Temple; Christ continues to build his church | Matt 16:18; 1 Pet 2:4-5,9 |
| 3 | 1 Kings 6:1-38 | Solomon builds Temple; Christ Temple in the new heavens and new earth | Rev. 21:22 |
| 4 | 1 Kings 6:19 | Inner sanctuary | Heb 6:19-20 |
| 5 | 1 Kings 8:11 | The Lord filled the temple | Heb 8:1-2; 9:24 |
| 6 | 1 Kings 8:41-43, 60; 2 Kings 5:15-18; 17:24-41 | Worship in Solomon's Temple alone; rely on Christ's priestly mediation alone for salvation | John 14:6; Acts 4:12 |
| 7 | 2 Kings 2:11 | Bodily ascension to heaven illustrated | Luke 24:51 |
1 & 2 Chronicles
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chron 1:1-9:34 | Genealogies of God's People; Genealogy of Christ | Matt 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38 |
| 2 | 1 Chron 2:10-17; 3:1-24; 17:11 | David's lineage | Matt 1:1; Luke 1:31-33; Rom 1:3 |
| 3 | 1 Chron 6:1-53 | Priesthood | Heb 4:14-16 |
| 4 | 1 Chron. 11:1; 2 Chron. 10:1; 29:24 | All Israel; All believers in Christ | 1 Pet 2:9 |
| 5 | 1 Chron 17:12-14 | Eternal throne | Luke 1:32-33 |
| 6 | 1 Chron 17:13 | I will be His Father, He... my Son | Heb 1:5 |
| 7 | 2 Chron. 7:12, 16; 33:7 | Temple, as the dwelling place of the Name | Eph 1:20-21; Phil 2:9; Heb 1:4 |
Ezra & Nehemiah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezra 2:1-4; 6:13-18 | Temple anticipates Christ | John 2:19-22 |
| 2 | Ezra 2:2 | Zerubbabel; Christ lineage of David | Matt 1:12-16< |
| 3 | Ezra 7:10 | Moral reforms | Matt. 5:17-19 |
| 4 | Ezra 9:1-15; 10:10-14; Neh 1:6-7; 9:1-3, 26-38; 13:15-27 | Confronted and corrected sin | Matt 21:12-15; Mark 11:15-17; Luke 19:45-46; John 2:13-16 |
Esther
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Esther 2:6 | In exile, separated from Temple | John 16:7; Acts 1:7-9; 2:39 |
| 2 | Esther 3:8-9 | Suffering | Acts 14:22; Rom 8:35; 1 Pet 4:16 |
Job
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 1:6-22 | Job tested; Christ tested | Heb 4:15 |
| 2 | Job 5:1; 9:33; 16:20; 33:23 | Mediator between man and God | 1 Tim 2:5 |
| 3 | Job 19:25 | My Redeemer lives | Luke 24:34; 1 Cor 15:1-4; Tit 2:14 |
| 4 | Job 28:12 | Where does wisdom dwell? | 1 Cor 1:24; Col 2:3 |
| 5 | Job 28:28 | Fearing God and obeying his commands | Matt 10:28; Heb 5:9 |
Psalms
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psa 2:1-3 | Messiah: Enmity of kings foreordained | Acts 4:25-28; 4:27-28 |
| 2 | Psa 2:2 | Messiah: Anointed One | John 1:41, Acts 2:36 |
| 3 | Psa 2:6 | Messiah: King | Matt 2:2; Rev 19:16 |
| 4 | Psa 2:6 | Messiah: Set on Mount Zion | Heb 12:22; 1 Pet 2:6 |
| 5 | Psa 2:7 | Messiah: My Son | Matt 3:17 |
| 6 | Psa 2:8 | Messiah: His inheritance | Rom 8:17; Heb 1:2, 4 |
| 7 | Psa 2:9 | Messiah: Rule the nations with rod of iron | Rev. 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 |
| 8 | Psa 2:12 | Messiah: Unbelievers perish | Matt 25:31-46 |
| 9 | Psa 2:12 | Messiah: Faith in him | Acts 16:31; Rom 10:9-10 |
| 10 | Psa 8:2 | Messiah: Out of the mouth of babes | Matt 21:16 |
| 11 | Psa 8:5-6 | Messiah: Humiliation and exaltation | Heb 2:7-9 |
| 12 | Psa 8:6 | Messiah: Dominon over all | Heb 2:8 |
| 13 | Psa 9:7-8 | Messiah: Judge | Acts 17:31; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev 19:1-21 |
| 14 | Psa 16:9-11 | Messiah: Resurrection | Luke 24:3, 6; 1 Cor 15:1-4 |
| 15 | Psa 16:10 | Messiah: Will not see decay [3] | Matt 28:7; 1 Pet 3:18-22 |
| 16 | Psa 18:2 | Messiah: Horn of salvation | Luke 1:69-71 |
| 17 | Psa 22:1 | Messiah: Why have you forsaken me | Matt 27:46 |
| 18 | Psa 22:2 | Messiah: Darkness over all the land | Matt 27:45 |
| 19 | Psa 22:6 | Messiah: Lament | Matt 27:41-44 |
| 20 | Psa 22:7 | Messiah: Mocked and reviled | Matt 27:39-44 |
| 21 | Psa 22:8 | Messiah: Deliver yourself | Matt 27:40 |
| 22 | Psa 22:9-10 | Messiah: Born a man | Luke 2:7; 1 Tim 2:5 |
| 23 | Psa 22:12-13 | Messiah: They seek his death | John 19:6 |
| 24 | Psa 22:12 | Messiah: Bulls of Bashan; enemies encircling | Acts 2:22-23; 4:27-28 |
| 25 | Psa 22:13 | Messiah: Roaring lion | Matt 2:1-18; Matt 12:14; John 7:1; Acts 2:22-23; 4:27-28; 1 Pet 5:8 |
| 26 | Psa 22:14-15 | Messiah: At Calvary | Matt 27:1-56; Mark 15:6-40; Luke 23:18-49; John 19:1-37 |
| 27 | Psa 22:14 | Messiah: Blood and water poured from his side | John 19:34 |
| 28 | Psa 22:15 | Messiah: He thirst | John 19:28 |
| 29 | Psa 22:16 | Messiah: Pierced hands and feet | John 19:34, 37; 20:27 |
| 30 | Psa 22:17 | Messiah: People stared at him in his humilation | Luke 23:27, 35 |
| 31 | Psa 22:18 | Messiah: Divided his garments | Matt 27:35-36; Luke 23:34 |
| 32 | Psa 22:20-21 | Messiah: Trusted in God | Luke 22:42 |
| 33 | Psa 22:22 | Messiah: I will praise you | Heb 2:12 |
| 34 | Psa 22:25 | Messiah: Praise in the great congregation | Rev 5:9; 7:9-10 |
| 35 | Psa 22:27-29 | Messiah: Kingship belongs to the Lord | Matt 2:2; Rev 19:16 |
| 36 | Psa 23:1 | Messiah: Good Shepherd | John 10:11; 1 Pet 2:25; 5:4 |
| 37 | Psa 23:6 | Messiah: Length of days | Rom 8:35-39 |
| 38 | Psa 24:3 | Messiah: Exaltation | Acts 1:11; Phil 2:8-10 |
| 39 | Psa 30:3 | Messiah: Resurrection | Acts 2:32; 1 Cor 15:1-4 |
| 40 | Psa 31:5 | Messiah: Into your hands I commend my spirit | Luke 23:46 |
| 41 | Psa 31:11 | Messiah: People fled | Mark 14:50 |
| 42 | Psa 31:13 | Messiah: Took counsel against him | Matt 27:1, John 11:53 |
| 43 | Psa 31:14-15 | Messiah: He trusts in God | Matt 27:43 |
| 44 | Psa 34:20 | Messiah: Unbroken bones | John 19:32-33, 36 |
| 45 | Psa 35:11 | Messiah: Accused by false witnesses | Mark 14:57 |
| 46 | Psa 35:19 | Messiah: Hated without cause | John 15:25 |
| 47 | Psa 38:11 | Messiah: Friends stood far off | Luke 23:49 |
| 48 | Psa 38:12 | Messiah: Trickery of the enemy | Matt 22:15; Mark 14:1 |
| 49 | Psa 38:13 | Messiah: Silent before his accusers | Matt 27:12-14; 1 Pet 2:22 |
| 50 | Psa 38:20 | Messiah: Went about doing good | Acts 10:38 |
| 51 | Psa 40:2-5 | Messiah: Joy of resurrection | John 20:20 |
| 52 | Psa 40:6 | Messiah: Sacrifice and offering | Heb 10:5-10 |
| 53 | Psa 40:7-8 | Messiah: To do the will of God | Matt 26:39; John 4:34; 5:19; 6:38 |
| 54 | Psa 40:9 | Messiah: Preaches righteousness | Matt 4:17 |
| 55 | Psa 40:19 | Messiah: The deliverer | Matt 1:21 |
| 56 | Psa 41:9 | Messiah: Betrayed by a friend | Luke 22:47; John 13:18 |
| 57 | Psa 45:2 | Messiah: Words of grace | Luke 4:22; John 1:17 |
| 58 | Psa 45:6 | Eternal King | Heb 1:8 |
| 59 | Psa 45:7 | Messiah: The Christ | Luke 2:11 |
| 60 | Psa 45:17 | Messiah: Eternal name | Eph 1:20-21 |
| 61 | Psa 55:12-14 | Messiah: Betrayed by a friend | John 13:18 |
| 62 | Psa 55:12 | Son of perdition | Matt 27:3-5; John 17:12; Acts 1:16-19; 2 Thess 2:3 |
| 63 | Psa 68:18 | Messiah: Ascended into Heaven | Luke 24:51; Acts 1:9-11 |
| 64 | Psa 68:18 | Messiah: Led captivity captive | Eph 4:8 |
| 65 | Psa 68:18 | Messiah: Gave gifts to men | Eph 4:8, 11-12 |
| 66 | Psa 69:4 | Messiah: Hated without a cause | John 15:25 |
| 67 | Psa 69:8 | Messiah: Stranger to his own | John 1:10-11 |
| 68 | Psa 69:9 | Messiah: Zeal for God's house | John 2:17 |
| 69 | Psa 69:14-20 | Messiah: Anguish of soul | Matt 26:36-45 |
| 70 | Psa 69:21 | Messiah: Given wine and gall | Matt 27:34 |
| 71 | Psa 69:26 | Messiah: Smitten of God | Acts 2:22-23; 4:27-28; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 72 | Psa 72:11 | Messiah: Kings acknowledge him | Matt 2:1-11; Phil 2:10 |
| 73 | Psa 72:16 | Messiah: People will bring him tribute | Rom 8:17; Heb 1:2, 4 |
| 74 | Psa 72:17 | Messiah: Eternal name | Phil 2:8-9; Heb 1:4; Rev 19:16 |
| 75 | Psa 72:17 | Messiah: Men shall blessed in him | Gal 3:8 |
| 76 | Psa 72:17 | Messiah: Nations shall call him blessed | John 12:13; Rev 5:9; 7:9 |
| 77 | Psa 78:1-2 | Messiah: Shall teach in parables | Matt 13:34-35 |
| 78 | Psa 80:17 | Messiah: Man at the right hand | Mark 14:61-62; Acts 7:55-56; Rom 8:34 |
| 79 | Psa. 88 | Messiah: At Calvary | Matt 27:1-56; Mark 15:6-40; Luke 23:18-49; John 19:1-37 |
| 80 | Psa 88:8 | Messiah: Friends stood far off | Luke 23:49 |
| 81 | Psa 89:27 | Messiah: Firstborn | Rom 8:29; Col 1:15, 18 |
| 82 | Psa 89:4, 35-37 | David's eternal seed | Luke 1:32-33; 20:41-42 |
| 83 | Psa 89:27 | Messiah: Higher than otherkings | 1 Tim 6:15; Rev 19:16 |
| 84 | Psa 89:37 | Messiah: Faithful witness | Rev 1:5; 19:11 |
| 85 | Psa 90:2 | Messiah: Is everlasting, eternal | John 1:1; Heb 13:8 |
| 86 | Psa 91:11-12 | Messiah: His angels | Matt 56:23; Luke 4:10-11 |
| 87 | Psa 97:9 | Messiah: Exaltation | Acts 1:11; Eph 1:20 |
| 88 | Psa 100:5 | Messiah: Is good | Tit 3:4; Heb 6:5; 1 Pet 2:3 |
| 89 | Psa 102:11 | Messiah: At Calvary | Matt 27:1-56; Mark 15:6-40; Luke 23:18-49; John 19:1-37 |
| 90 | Psa 102:25-27 | Messiah: Eternal God and Creator | John 1:1-3, 10; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16; 1 Tim 1:17; Heb 13:8; Jude 1:25 |
| 91 | Psa 109:4 | Messiah: Prayed for his enemies | Luke 23:34 |
| 92 | Psa 109:8 | Messiah: His betrayer replaced | Acts 1:20 |
| 93 | Psa 109:25 | Messiah: Reviled | Matt 27:39 |
| 94 | Psa 110:1 | Messiah: Lord said to my Lord | Matt 22:44-45; Heb 1:13 |
| 95 | Psa 110:1 | Messiah: Rules over his enemies | Matt 22:44 |
| 96 | Psa 110:4 | Messiah: Priest after the order of Melchizedek | Heb 5:6; 6:20 |
| 97 | Psa 112:4 | Messiah: Gracious, compassionate, righteous | Matt 9:36; Eph 1:17; Heb 7:2 |
| 98 | Psa 118:17-18 | Messiah: Will not see decay | Matt 28:7; 1 Pet 3:18-22 |
| 99 | Psa 118:22-23 | Messiah: Stone which builders rejected | Matt 21:42; Mark 12:10Acts 4:11; 1 Pet 2:7 |
| 100 | Psa 118:26 | Messiah: Blessed is the one that cometh in the name of the Lord | Matt 21:9 |
| 101 | Psa 129:3 | Messiah: Back was scourged | Matt 27:26 |
| 102 | Psa 132:11 | Messiah: David's throne | Luke 1:32; Act 2:30 |
| 103 | Psa 138:1-6 | Messiah: Kings of the earth praise him | 1 Tim 6:15; Rev 19:16 |
| 104 | Psa 147:3, 6 | Messiah: His early ministry | Luke 4:18-19 |
Proverbs
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prov. 1:23 | Send Spirit | John 16:7 |
| 2 | Prov. 8:22-23 | Wisdom foreordained from everlasting | 1 Cor 1:24, 30; Col. 2:2-3 |
Ecclesiastes
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eccl 1:1 | Koheleth (Preacher) = one who calls an assembly (ekklesia = church) | Matt 16:18; Eph 5:22-33 |
| 2 | Eccl 1:2-3 | Vanity of vanities - aliens in this world | 1 Pet. 1:1 |
| 3 | Eccl 1:12-18 | Wisdom | 1 Cor 1:24, 30; Col. 2:2-3 |
| 4 | Eccl 12:13 | Fear and obedience | Acts 9:31; 2 Cor 5:10-11; 2 Cor 9:13; 2 Thess. 1:8 |
| 5 | Eccl 12:14 | Judgment is coming; Judgement seat of Christ | Acts 17:31; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev 19:1-21 |
Song of Solomon
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eccl 1:8-8:14 | Solomon loves his "beloved" bride; Christ loves his "beloved" bride | Eph 1:3-11; 5:22-33 |
| 2 | Song 5:16 | The altogether lovely One | Rom 10:15 (Isa 52:7); Eph 6:15 |
Isaiah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isa 1:20; 3:13-15; 11:4; 34:2; 51:5 | Judgment is coming; Judgement seat of Christ | Acts 17:31; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev 19:1-21 |
| 2 | Isa 2:3 | Messiah: Teaches all nations | John 4:25 |
| 3 | Isa 2:4 | Messiah: Judge all nations | John 5:22 |
| 4 | Isa 4:2 | Messiah: Branch | Rom 15:12 |
| 5 | Isa 6:1 | Messiah: His glory | Matt 17:2 |
| 6 | Isa 6:8-9 | Messiah: His sending | Matt 28:18-20 |
| 7 | Isa 6:9-10 | Messiah: His parables fall on deaf ears | Matt 13:13-15; Acts 28:23-29 |
| 8 | Isa 7:14 | Messiah: Born of a virgin | Matt 1:18-20; Luke 1:34-35 |
| 9 | Isa 7:14 | Emmanuel: God with us | Matt 1:23 |
| 10 | Isa 8:14 | Messiah: Stone of stumbling, a Rock of offense | 1 Pet 2:8 |
| 11 | Isa 9:1-2 | Messiah: His ministry begins in Galilee | Matt 4:12-17 |
| 12 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: His humanity | Luke 1:31 |
| 13 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: His divinity | Luke 1:32; John 1:1, 14 |
| 14 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: Son of God with power | Rom 1:4 |
| 15 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: Wonderful | Matt 21:15 |
| 16 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: Counsellor | John 2:25; Col 2:3 |
| 17 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: Mighty God | 1 Cor 1:24; Tit 2:13 |
| 18 | Isa 9:6 | Messiah: Everlasting Father | John 8:58; 10:30 |
| 19 | Isa 9:6-7 | Messiah: Prince of peace | John 16:33; Rom 5:1, 10 |
| 20 | Isa 9:7 | Messiah inherits throne of David | Matt 1:1; Luke 1:31-33; Rom 1:3 |
| 21 | Isa 9:7 | Messiah: He is just | John 5:30 |
| 22 | Isa 9:7 | Messiah: Everlasting kingdom | Luke 1:33; 2 Pet 1:11 |
| 23 | Isa 11:1 | Messiah: Branch | Rom 15:12 |
| 24 | Isa 11:2 | Messiah: Anointing | Matt 3:16-17; Acts 10:38 |
| 25 | Isa 11:2 | Messiah: Wisdom, understanding, counsel | John 2:25; Col 2:3 |
| 26 | Isa 11:2 | Fear of the Lord | Acts 9:31 |
| 27 | Isa 11:3 | Messiah: Knew their thoughts | Luke 6:8; John 2:25 |
| 28 | Isa 11:4 | Messiah: Judge in righteousness | Acts 17:31 |
| 29 | Isa 11:4 | Messiah: Mouth like a sword | Rev. 2:16; 19:15 |
| 30 | Isa 11:5 | Messiah: Righteous and faithful | Rev. 19:11 |
| 31 | Isa 11:10 | Messiah: Gentiles seek him | John 4:1-45; Rom 1:16 |
| 32 | Isa 12:2 | Messiah: My salvation | Matt 1:21 |
| 33 | Isa 22:10-22 | Messiah: Key of David | Rev 3:7 |
| 34 | Isa 25:8 | Messiah: Death swallowed up in victory | 1 Cor 15:54 |
| 35 | Isa 25:8 | Messiah: Wipe away all tears | Rev 21:4 |
| 36 | Isa 26:19 | Messiah: Resurrects the dead | Matt 27:50-54; 1 Cor 15:34-49 |
| 37 | Isa 28:16 | Messiah: Cornerstone | Acts 4:11-12; Eph 2:20 |
| 38 | Isa 28:16 | Messiah: Sure foundation | Matt 16:18; 1 Cor 3:11 |
| 39 | Isa 29:13 | Hypocrites | Matt 15:7-9 |
| 40 | Isa 29:14 | Messiah: Confounds the wise | 1 Cor 1:18-31 |
| 41 | Isa 32:2 | Messiah: A refuge | Matt 23:37; Luke 13:34 |
| 42 | Isa 35:4 | Fear Not | John 14:27; 16:33; Rom 8:35-39 |
| 43 | Isa.35:4 | Messiah: He saves | Matt 1:21 |
| 44 | Isa 35:5-6 | Messiah: God of miracles | Matt 11:2-6; John 21:25 |
| 45 | Isa 40:3, 4 | Forerunner: John the Baptist ministering in the spirit and power of Elijah | Matt 3:1-3; 11:10-14; 17:11-13 |
| 46 | Isa 40:9 | Messiah: Behold your God | John 1:36; 19:14 |
| 47 | Isa 40:10 | Messiah: His reward is with him | Rev 22:12 |
| 48 | Isa 40:11 | Messiah: The Shepherd | John 10:11, 14; 1 Pet 2:25; 5:4 |
| 49 | Isa 40:28 | Messiah: Creator | John 1:1-3, 10; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16 |
| 50 | Isa 42:1-9; 49:1-13; Isa 50:4-11; 52:13-3:12 | Messiah: The Servant | Matt. 8:17; 12:15-21; 16:21; 27:26, 29, 31, 38, 57-60 |
| 51 | Isa 42:2 | Messiah: Meek and lowly | Matt 11:28-30 |
| 52 | Isa 42:2 | Messiah: A bruised reed | Matt 12:20 |
| 53 | Isa 42:2 | Messiah: Leads justice to victory | Matt 12:20 |
| 54 | Isa 42:4 | Messiah: Gospel for Gentiles too | John 4:1-45; Rom 1:16 |
| 55 | Isa 42:5, 7 | Messiah: Creator | John 1:1-3, 10; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16 |
| 56 | Isa 42:6; 49:6 | Messiah: Emphasizes the covenant with Gentiles | Rom 11:11-34 |
| 57 | Isa 42:6 | Messiah: Light of the Gentiles | Luke 2:32; Acts 26:23 |
| 58 | Isa 42:7 | Messiah: Ministry of delverance | Luke 4:17-19 |
| 59 | Isa 43:11 | Messiah: Only savior | John 14:6; 20:28; Acts 4:12; 1 Tim 2:5 |
| 60 | Isa 44:3 | Messiah: Sends Holy Spirit | John 16:7, 13 |
| 61 | Isa 45:14 | Messiah: No other God | John 14:6; 20:28; Acts 4:12; 1 Tim 2:5 |
| 62 | Isa 45:15, 17, 22 | Messiah: Everlasting salvation [5] | John 3:15; 10:28-29; 1 John 2:25; 5:11 |
| 63 | Isa 45:18 | Messiah: Creator | John 1:1-3, 10; Eph 3:8-9; Col 1:16 |
| 64 | Isa 45:23 | Messiah: Every knee shall bow | Rom 14:11; Phil 2:10-11 |
| 65 | Isa 46:9-10 | Messiah: Declares the future | John 4:29; 13:19; 16:14 |
| 66 | Isa 46:9-10 | Messiah: Good pleasure | John 10:15, 17; 17:4; Eph 1:5, 9, 11 |
| 67 | Isa 48:12 | Messiah: I AM | John 6:35, 48; 8:12; John 9:5; 8:58; 10:9, 11; John 11:25; 14:6; 15:1 |
| 68 | Isa 48:12 | Messiah: The First and the last | Rev 1:8, 17 |
| 69 | Isa 48:16-17 | Messiah: Redeemer/Teacher sent from God | John 3:2; Eph 1:7; Heb 2:10 |
| 70 | Isa 49:1 | Messiah: Called from womb | Luke 1:31-33, 35; Gal 4:4 |
| 71 | Isa 49:2 | Messiah: Mouth like a sword | Rev. 2:16; 19:15 |
| 72 | Isa 49:6 | Messiah: Restores Israel | Acts 15:16-17; Rom 11:25-36 |
| 73 | Isa 49:7 | Messiah: Despised of the nation | John 1:11; 8:48-49;19:14-15 |
| 74 | Isa 50:3 | Messiah: His Crucifixion | Matt 27:45; Luke 23:44-45 |
| 75 | Isa 50:4 | Messiah: Counselor to weary | Matt 7:29; 11:27-30 |
| 76 | Isa 50:5 | Messiah: Obedient servant | Matt 26:39; Phil 2:8; Heb 5:8; 12:2 |
| 77 | Isa 50:6 | Messiah: Scourged | Matt 27:26 |
| 78 | Isa 50:6 | Messiah: Smitten | Matt 26:67 |
| 79 | Isa 50:6 | Messiah: Spat upon | Matt 27:30 |
| 80 | Isa 52:7 | Messiah: Great tidings - Gospel | Luke 8:1; Rom 10:14-17 |
| 81 | Isa 52:13 | Messiah: Lifted up - death, resurrection, ascension, and glorification | Luke 24:6; John 3:14; Acts 1:9-11; Col 1:15-20 |
| 82 | Isa 52:14 | Messiah: Chastised | Matt 26:67-68; Luke 18:31-34 |
| 83 | Isa 52:15 | Messiah: His blood sprinkled | Heb 9:13-14; Rev 5:9; 7:9 |
| 84 | Isa 53:1 | Messiah: Not believed upon | John 12:37-38; Rom 10:14-17 |
| 85 | Isa 53:2 | Messiah: Fully man | Phil 2:6-7 |
| 86 | Isa 53:3 | Messiah: Despised | Heb 12:2 |
| 87 | Isa 53:3 | Messiah: Rejected | Acts 2:22-23; 4:26-27 |
| 88 | Isa 53:3 | Messiah: A man of sorrows and grief | Matt 27:46 |
| 89 | Isa 53:3 | Messiah: Was deserted | Mark 14:50 |
| 90 | Isa 53:4 | Messiah: Carried his people's griefs and sorrow | Matt 8:17; Rom 4:25; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 91 | Isa 53:4 | Messiah: Cursed of God | Gal 3:13 |
| 92 | Isa 53:5 | Messiah: Bore the full penalty of his people's sin | 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 2:9 |
| 93 | Isa 53:5 | Messiah: Sacrifice appeased God making peace | Rom 5:1; Col 1:20 |
| 94 | Isa 53:5 | Messiah: Stripes of salvation | Matt 8:17; Rom 4:25; 1 Pet 2:24 |
| 95 | Isa 53:6 | Messiah: His sheep strayed | Luke 15:3-7; 1 Pet 2:24-25 |
| 96 | Isa 53:6 | Messiah: Rescues his sheep, not any goats | John 10:11, 14-18; Matt 25:31-46 |
| 97 | Isa 53:7 | Messiah: Oppressed and afflicted | Matt 27:27-31 |
| 98 | Isa 53:7 | Messiah: Silent before his accusers | Matt 27:12-14; 1 Pet 2:22 |
| 99 | Isa 53:7 | Messiah: The Sacrificial Lamb | John 1:29; 1 Cor 5:7; 1 Pet 1:18-20; Rev 5:6, 12; 13:8 |
| 100 | Isa 53:8 | Messiah: Judged unfairly | Acts 8:33; 1 Pet 2:21-25 |
| 101 | Isa 53:8 | Messiah: Murdered | Acts 2:22-23; 4:26-27 |
| 102 | Isa 53:8 | Messiah: Killed for "my people" | Matt 20:28; John 6:39; 17:2, 6, 9, 20; Heb 9:28 |
| 103 | Isa 53:9 | Messiah: Assigned grave with the wicked | Matt 27:38; Luke 22:37 |
| 104 | Isa 53:9 | Messiah: Buried in rich man's grave | Matt 27:57 |
| 105 | Isa 53:9 | Messiah: Innocent | Luke 23:41, John 18:38 |
| 106 | Isa 53:9 | Messiah: Silent before his accusers | Matt 27:12-14; 1 Pet 2:22 |
| 107 | Isa 53:10 | Messiah: God the Father bruised him | Acts 2:22-23; 4:28 |
| 108 | Isa 53:10 | Messiah: His soul the offering for sin | 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 9:14; 26; 10:10 |
| 109 | Isa 53:10 | Messiah: His seed's everlasting life | John 12:24; Rev 5:9; 7:9 |
| 110 | Isa 53:10 | Messiah: God the Father's pleasure | John 10:15, 17; 17:4; Eph 1:5, 9, 11 |
| 111 | Isa 53:11 | Messiah: Travail of his soul | Matt 27:46; Heb 5:7; 12:2 |
| 112 | Isa 53:11 | Messiah: God the Father satisfied | John 4:34; 5:19; 6:38; 8:29; 17:3; 19:28, 30; Heb 12:2 |
| 113 | Isa 53:11 | Messiah: Righteous servant | 1 Cor 1:30; Rev. 19:11 |
| 114 | Isa 53:11 | Messiah: Justified "many," not all | Matt 20:28; John 6:39; 17:2, 6, 9, 20; Heb 9:28 |
| 115 | Isa 53:11 | Messiah: Bore the sin of his people | 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 9:14; 26; 10:10 |
| 116 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Divide him a portion with the great | Phil 2:8-9 |
| 117 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Divide his spoil with the strong | Rom 8:32; 1 Cor 3:21; Eph 1:3 |
| 118 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Poured out his soul to death | 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 9:14; 26; 10:10 |
| 119 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Numbered with the transgressors | Matt 27:38; Luke 22:37 |
| 120 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Bore the sin of "many," not all | Matt 20:28; John 6:39; 17:2, 6, 9, 20; Heb 9:28 |
| 121 | Isa 53:12 | Messiah: Makes intercession | Rom 8:33-34; Heb 7:25 |
| 122 | Isa 55:3 | Messiah: Everlasting covenant [4] | Heb 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:15, 12:24 |
| 123 | Isa 55:4 | Messiah: Witness to the people | Acts 13:34 |
| 124 | Isa 55:4 | Messiah: Leader of the people | Heb 2:10; 12:2 |
| 125 | Isa 55:5 | Messiah: Glorified by God the Father | Matt 3:17; John 12:28; Acts 3:13 |
| 126 | Isa 59:16 | Messiah: Intercessor | Rom 8:3-34; 1 Tim 2:5; Heb 7:25; |
| 127 | Isa 59:16 | Messiah: Provides salvation | John 6:40 |
| 128 | Isa 59:20 | Messiah: Redeemer shall come out of Zion | Rom 11:26 |
| 129 | Isa 60:1-3 | Messiah: Light to the Gentiles | Luke 2:32; Acts 26:23 |
| 130 | Isa 61:1 | The Messiah | Luke 4:18-19 |
| 131 | Isa. 66:22 | New Creation: Inaugurated, Continuation, Consummation - New heavens and new earth | John 1:1-9; 2 Cor. 4:6; 5:17; Gal. 6:15; Jas. 1:18; Rev. 21:1-3 |
Jeremiah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jer 11:21 | Conspiracy to kill | Matt 21:38; John 7:1 |
| 2 | Jer 23:5-6; 33:14-15 | Descendant of David | Matt 1:1; Luke 1:31-33; Rom 1:3 |
| 3 | Jer.23:5-6 | Lord our righteousness | 1 Cor 1:30 |
| 4 | Jer 31:21-22 | Virgin birth | Matt 1:18-20; Luke 1:34-35 |
| 5 | Jer 31:31-34 | Re-Newed covenant [4] | Luke 22:20; Heb. 8:8; 9:18-22; 12:24 |
Lamentations
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lam 1:1-5:22 | Suffering Jerusalem in exile | Matt 23:37-39; Luke 13:34-35 |
| 2 | Lam 1:1-5:22 | Church in exile | 1 Pet. 1:1-2 |
Ezekiel
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezek 21:1-7; 43:3 | Destruction of the temple and Jerusalem announced | Matt. 24:1-51; John 2:19 |
| 2 | Ezek. 33-48 | End of exile announced | Luke 4:18 |
| 3 | Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25 | Descendant of David | Matt 1:1; Luke 1:31-33; Rom 1:3 |
| 4 | Ezek 34:24, 37:25, 44:3, 45:7, 16, 17, 22; 46:2-18 | Messiah: The Prince | Luke 1:32-33 |
| 5 | Ezek. 40-48 | Restoration of temple and its priesthood | John 2:19-22; Heb. 7:1-8:6; Rev. 21:22-23 |
Daniel
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dan 2:44 | Kingdom that will never be destroyed | Luke 1:33; 2 Tim 4:18; 2 Pet 1:11 |
| 2 | Dan 7:13-14 | Son of man | Matt. 9:6; 10:23; 12:8 |
| 3 | Dan 7:13-14 | Ascend into heaven | Acts 1:9-11 |
| 4 | Dan 7:13-14 | Highly exalted | Eph 1:20-22 |
| 5 | Dan 7:13-14 | Everlasting kingdom | Luke 1:33; 2 Tim 4:18; 2 Pet 1:11 |
| 6 | Dan. 9:24 | 490 years first coming of Christ | Gal 4:4 |
| 7 | Dan. 9:24 | End to sins | Gal 1:3-5 |
| 8 | Dan. 9:24 | Reconciliation | Rom 5:10, 2 Cor. 5:11-21 |
| 9 | Dan. 9:24 | Everlasting righteousness | Matt 25:46; John 5:24; Rom 3:22; 5:10; Heb 2:17 |
| 10 | Dan. 9:24 | Most holy | Luke 1:35 |
| 11 | Dan 9:26 | Messiah cut off | Matt 16:21; 21:38-39 |
| 12 | Dan 9:26 | Messiah die for his people alone | Matt 20:28; 26:28 |
| 13 | Dan 9:26 | Messiah died before the destruction of the temple | Matt 27:50-51 |
| 14 | Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 | An abomination that causes desolation | Matt 24:15; Mark 13:14 |
| 15 | Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 | Anti-Christ | 1 John 2:18 |
| 16 | Dan 10:5-6 | Messiah glorified state | Rev 1:13-16 |
Hosea
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hos 1:2 | Marriage | Eph 5:23-32; Rev. 19:7 |
| 2 | Hos 1:9-10; 2:23 | Some Gentiles saved | Rom 9:25-26; 1 Pet 2:10 |
| 3 | Hos 1:10-11; 3:5 | Reestablishment of David's throne of the restoration after exile | 1 Tim 6:15; Rev 19:16 |
| 4 | Hos 2:1 | Re-Newed Covenant [4] | Heb 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:15, 12:24 |
| 5 | Hos 9:1-17 | Judgment is coming; Judgement set of Christ | Matt 23:13-39; 25:1-46; Acts 4:25; 17:31; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev. 14:7 |
| 6 | Hos 11:1 | Messiah: Called out of Egypt | Matt 2:15 |
| 7 | Hos 13:14 | Messiah: Defeat death | Matt 28:18; John 10:17-18; 1 Cor 15:55-57; Rev 1:18 |
| 8 | Hos 14:1-3 | Messiah: Would forgive his people | Matt 26:28; Luke 24:47 |
| 9 | Hos 14:4-7 | Messiah: Would grant them many blessings | Matt 25:46; John 10:28; Eph 1:14; 2 Tim 2:10 |
Joel
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joel 1:4 | Tribulation | Mark 13:24-26; Luke 21:25-28; Rev. 6:9-10; 9:2-6 |
| 2 | Joel 2:28-32 | Holy Spirit sent by Christ | John 14:16; Acts 2:16-21 |
| 3 | Joel 2:32 | Whosoever believes shall be saved | Romans 10:12-13 |
Amos
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amos 1:1-8:14 | Judgment is coming; Judgement seat of Christ | Matt 23:13-39; 25:1-46; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev. 14:7 |
| 2 | Joel 2:25-32; 9:11-12, 15 | Restoration is coming by Christ | Acts 2:34-36; Rev. 19:11-21; 21:1-22:5 |
Obadiah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Obad 1:1-9 | Judgment is coming; Judgement seat of Christ | Matt 23:13-39; 25:1-46;2 Cor 5:10; Rev. 14:7 |
| 2 | Obad 1:10-16 | God's people suffer; Christ suffered | Acts 2:36 |
| 3 | Obad 1:17-21 | God's people are victorious | Rom 8:35-39 |
Jonah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jonah 1:17 | Three days: Jonah's whale; Christ's grave | Matt 12:39-40; 16:4; Luke 11:29 |
Micah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Micah 2:4; 4:1, 6; 5:10; 7:12 | That day, the last days; the day of the LORD | 2 Thess. 2:1-2; 2 Pet. 3:10 |
| 2 | Micah 5:2 | Born in Bethlehem | Matt 2:6 |
| 3 | Micah 5:2 | Ruler in Israel | Luke 1:33 |
| 4 | Micah 5:2 | Eternal God | John 8:58 |
Nahum
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nah 1:1-3:19 | Judgment is coming; Judgement seat of Christ | Matt 23:13-39; 25:1-46; 2 Cor 5:10; Rev. 14:7 |
| 2 | Nah 1:7 | Salvation for the faithful | John 10:28; Acts 4:12 |
Habakkuk
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hab 2:4 | The just shall live by faith in Christ | Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:37-38 |
Zephaniah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zeph 1:14 | Day of the Lord | 2 Thess. 2:1-2; 2 Pet. 3:10 |
| 2 | Zeph 3:9-20 | Hope of salvation | Acts 4:12; 1 Thess 5:8-9; 1 Pet 1:13 |
Haggai
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hag 1:1-11 | Rebuilding the temple | John 2:21-22; 1 Cor 6:19-20; Rev 21:22-23 |
| 2 | Hag 2:6-9 | Visit the temple | Luke 2:27-32 |
| 3 | Hag 2:23 | Zerubbabel; Christ lineage of David | Matt 1:12-16 |
Zechariah
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zech 3:8; 6:12 | Branch; Priest and King | Rom 15:12 |
| 2 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Rejoicing in Jerusalem | Matt 21:8-10 |
| 3 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Messiah is the King | John 12:12-13 |
| 4 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Messiah is just | John 5:30 |
| 5 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Messiah brings salvation | Luke 19:10 |
| 6 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Messiah is humble | Matt 11:29 |
| 7 | Zech 9:9-10 | Triumphal Entry: Messiah riding on a donkey | Matt 21:6-9 |
| 8 | Zech 10:4 | Chief Cornerstone | Acts 4:11-12; Eph 2:20 |
| 9 | Zech 11:12-13 | Messiah's betrayal for 30 pieces of silver | Matt 26:14-15 |
| 10 | Zech 11:12-13 | 30 pieces of silver cast in temple | Matt 27:5 |
| 11 | Zech 12:10 | Messiah's side would be pierced | John 19:34-37 |
| 12 | Zechariah 13:7 | Messiah's betrayal and death | Luke 22:48; 23:26-43 |
| 13 | Zechariah 13:7 | Sheep scattered | Matt 26:31 |
| 14 | Zech 14:3-5 | Messiah doing battle for his people | 1 Thess 3:13; Jude 1:14 |
Malachi
| # | OT | Prophecy/Typology | NT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mal 1:11 | Gospel of Christ spreads to all nations | Acts 10:9-48; Eph. 2:11-13 |
| 2 | Mal 3:1; 4:5 | Forerunner: John the Baptist ministering in the spirit and power of Elijah | Matt 3:1-3; 11:10-14; 17:11-13 |
| 3 | Mal 3:1, 3 | Cleansing the temple | John 2:14-17 |
| 4 | Mal 3:6 | Messiah the same always | Heb 13:8 |
| 5 | Mal 3:6-7 | Call to repentance | Matt 4:17; Mark 1:5 |
| 6 | Mal 4:5 | Forerunner turning hearts | Luke 1:16-17 |
The Angel of the Lord — Christophanies of the Pre-Incarnate Christ
Distinct from the typological shadows and foreshadowings tabulated above, Scripture also records a category of direct appearances of the pre-incarnate Christ throughout the Old Testament under the title "the Angel of the LORD" (Heb. malʾak YHWH) — a phrase occurring roughly 64 times in the Old Testament. Unlike a created angel, this Angel possesses divine qualities and prerogatives that Scripture reserves for God alone: the power to give life (Genesis 16:10), to see and know all things (Genesis 16:13; Exodus 3:7), and — most significantly — the authority to forgive sin (Exodus 23:21), a prerogative Scripture elsewhere insists belongs to God alone. This Angel performs miracles (keeping the burning bush from being consumed, Exodus 3:2; striking Egypt with plagues, Exodus 3:20) and both commands and receives worship — from Moses (Exodus 3:5) and Joshua (Joshua 5:14). This is theologically decisive: created angels consistently refuse worship in Scripture, redirecting it to God alone (cf. Revelation 19:10; 22:8–9, where John is corrected the moment he attempts to worship an angel). An angel who accepts worship without correction must, by Scripture's own logic, be God [1].
Genesis
- Genesis 16:7–14 — the first occurrence of the phrase in Scripture. The Angel of the LORD appears to Hagar, and she responds, "Have I even remained alive here after seeing Him?" (v. 13) — testimony that she had seen God Himself, not merely a messenger.
- Genesis 18–19 — three "men" appear to Abraham at Mamre; Abraham addresses one of them as "my Lord" and later as "the Judge of all the earth" (Genesis 18:25) — a title only God holds. Genesis 19:24 then records "the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven" — one LORD acting on earth, another "out of heaven," a distinction within the Godhead confirmed by Genesis 19:29, which simply says "God destroyed the cities."
- Genesis 22:11–18 — the Angel of the LORD calls to Abraham from heaven to stop the sacrifice of Isaac; Abraham's fear is "on account of Me" (v. 12), identifying the Angel with God Himself.
- Genesis 28:13 and 31:10–13 — the Angel appears to Jacob in a dream and identifies Himself: "I am the God of Bethel" (cf. Genesis 28:19).
- Genesis 48:15–16 — Jacob's deathbed blessing places "the Angel who has redeemed me from all evil" in synonymous parallel with "the God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked."
Exodus
- Exodus 3:1–6 — the Angel of the LORD (not the Father) speaks to Moses from the burning bush; Jesus Himself later quotes this very encounter ("I am the God of Abraham...") as proof of the resurrection (Matthew 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37). Stephen's speech confirms that God sent this Angel to Moses, and that both the Father and the Angel were present at Sinai (Acts 7:30, 35, 38).
- Exodus 23:20–23 — God the Father says of this Angel, "My name is in Him" — He does not merely bear a delegated name; the divine name is intrinsic to who He is — and that the Angel is able to forgive transgressions, which "no one but God can forgive." Jude 5 and Isaiah 63:9 ("the angel of His presence saved them") both identify this Angel as the one who rescued Israel from Egypt — language the New Testament applies to Jesus.
- Exodus 24:1–2, 9–18 — God speaks of the LORD in the third person ("Come up to the LORD...") before speaking in the first person ("Come up to Me..."), a shift Stephen's speech in Acts 7:37–38 treats as evidence of two distinct divine Persons present at Sinai.
Numbers, Joshua, and Judges
- Numbers 22:22–23 — Balaam encounters the Angel of the LORD with a drawn sword.
- Joshua 5:13–15 — Joshua falls and worships the Angel, called "Captain of the LORD's host," and is told to remove his sandals because the ground is holy — the same requirement given to Moses (Exodus 3:1–6). Revelation later identifies Jesus as the commander of the armies of heaven, riding to strike the nations and bearing the title King of Kings (Revelation 19:11–16, 19; 17:14).
- Judges 6:11–23 — the Angel of the LORD sits under an oak with Gideon, in visibly physical form.
- Judges 13:17–22 — Manoah and his wife realize they have seen God face to face and fear they will die; the text identifies this Angel as the pre-incarnate Christ.
Ezekiel, Daniel, and Zechariah
- Ezekiel 1:26 — the divine glory appears "with a figure with the appearance of a man."
- Daniel 7 — the "Son of Man" figure receives dominion, glory, and universal worship from the "Ancient of Days" — a distinction of Persons within the unity of God (see also Jesus is God on Daniel 7:13–14).
- Zechariah 3:3–4 — the Angel of the LORD removes Joshua the high priest's iniquity, a distinctly divine prerogative.
Jesus as the Word and as Intermediary
Beyond the Angel-of-the-LORD Christophanies, the Old Testament also presents the pre-incarnate Christ as the divine "Word" through whom God speaks and creates (Genesis 1:3; 1 Samuel 3:1, 10, 21; Jeremiah 1:2, 4, 9) — language John identifies explicitly with Christ (John 1:1, 3, 14). Galatians 3:19 describes an "intermediary" present at Sinai between God, the angels, and Israel; while this is often read as a reference to Moses, the immediately following clause — "Now an intermediary implies more than one, but God is one" — raises the question of why Paul would need to clarify God's unity at all if the intermediary were merely human. Michael Heiser argues the intermediary is best understood as Yahweh in human form, the same figure appearing throughout the Angel-of-the-LORD narratives [2] — a divine condescension "enabling the lesser minds of mortals to comprehend his presence — and live to tell about it" [3].
Author
Dedrick Wright
Raised in a Christian home, I came to faith later in life. A family crisis in 2019 drove me to study Scripture deeply, and by 2021 I answered my calling to ministry and teaching God's Word.
